Interdepartmental Teamwork Overcomes Challenge to Client’s Use Variance Approval

In a client success, shareholder Jennifer Krimko obtained approval for the client to operate a community center and academic tutoring space in Rumson, New Jersey. On the heels of this victory, Litigation Department attorneys Anthony D’Artiglio and Layne Feldman protected that approval following an objecting neighbor’s appeal to the Superior Court. Through an aggressive defense, the approval was upheld, and the objector’s appeal was denied, allowing the clients to continue operating their business serving the local community. Collaboration with the Land Use Department provided nuanced insight into the case and helped secure another victory for the client.

Jennifer co-chairs the Firm’s Land Use Department. She devotes her practice to all areas relating to real estate, representing a wide variety of clients — from individuals to large developers — in all phases of governmental approvals before municipal, county, and state agencies.

Anthony is a partner and litigation team leader in the Firm’s Woodland Park office. His varied practice includes commercial lease disputes, class actions, Consumer Fraud Act claims, corporate/shareholder disputes, employment disputes, secured property actions, and creditors’ rights in bankruptcy matters.

As an associate in the Firm’s Commercial Litigation Department, Layne has a diverse complex commercial and civil litigation practice. She handles commercial lease disputes, Consumer Fraud Act claims, corporate/shareholder disputes, and secured property actions.

New Jersey Supreme Court Affirms Condominium’s Ability to Limit Alleged “Emotional Support Animals,” Clarifying the Process To Be Used For ESA Accommodations

By David J. Byrne

On Wednesday, March 13th, New Jersey’s Supreme Court released its long-awaited decision in the Players Place II Condominium Association v. K.P. case. In 2018, a resident claiming to be disabled for New Jersey’s Law Against Discrimination (“LAD”) adopted a dog that would ultimately weigh almost 65 lbs. despite Players Place II’s rule prohibiting dogs weighing more than 30 lbs. The association rejected the request, concluding that the resident did not need accommodation because she could have adopted a dog that weighed less than 30 lbs. (in which case, issues connected with disability and LAD would have been irrelevant). Further, the association concluded that the resident was neither “disabled” for the purposes of LAD nor was this particular 60+ lb. dog necessary to afford her equal use and enjoyment of her unit. The association prevailed at trial concerning LAD, establishing that its 30 lb. weight limit rule was reasonable and that the resident was not disabled for LAD. The association also prevailed on appeal, with the appellate court concluding that while the resident may be disabled, the particular dog in question was not necessary to afford the resident’s equal use and enjoyment of her unit.

The New Jersey Supreme Court decision focused on two (2) things. First, it clarified for everyone going forward how emotional support animal requests made by residents claiming to be disabled must be handled by both the resident and the housing provider (whether a condominium, apartment complex or otherwise). If possible, the parties should engage in a good-faith collaborative discussion before the actual adoption of the animal in question. The court set forth how LAD should be applied in these situations, what the resident must demonstrate, and what the housing provider must demonstrate. The court interpreted the relevant parts of the LAD so that relevant words, such as “disability,” are more easily understood. The court ruled that an ESA doesn’t necessarily need to have been “prescribed” by a health care professional. The court articulated the factors a housing provider must consider when deciding whether a request can be reasonably accommodated.

Second, the Supreme Court focused on the particular facts of the dispute between Players Place II and K.P.  More specifically, whether an association must always grant the accommodation request of one claiming to be disabled, how the LAD must be applied in the face of an accommodation request, and whether Players Place II’s rejection of this resident’s request constituted a violation of LAD. In this regard, the Supreme Court agreed with Players Place II that the resident bears the overall burden of proof. The resident must prove that she is, in fact, disabled as “disabled” as defined by LAD and that the accommodation desired is necessary to alleviate at least one (1) symptom of the resident’s disability. Only then must an association establish that the request cannot be reasonably accommodated. The Supreme Court concluded that the association and the resident should proceed back to the original court where another trial should take place, a trial that decides whether this resident needs this particular animal to afford equal use and enjoyment of her unit and, if so, whether Players Place II can reasonably accommodate the animal.

Ultimately, the New Jersey Supreme Court’s decision should help New Jersey’s association better understand the law and how to apply it when faced with an ESA request. The decision also confirmed that associations, depending upon the circumstance, may very well have the right to reject an ESA request. Lastly, the Supreme Court’s decision leaves open, to be decided at a 2nd trial, whether it can deny this accommodation request without violating the LAD.

Department Chair David Byrne discusses the case with Law360 (subscription required) and Bloomberg Law.

All condo and co-op boards in New Jersey should consult with experienced community association counsel to ensure compliance. If you have questions or concerns, please contact David Byrne or one of the attorneys in our Community Association Law practice group.

Law360 Interviews Judge Joseph Quinn

In a recent Law360 article, Retired Judge Joseph P. Quinn spoke about his more than 20 years serving as a judge and his deep appreciation for the American justice system. He also discussed the many benefits of alternative dispute resolution, not the least of which is its cost efficiency. Judge Quinn emphasized that successful mediators seek common ground and possess the vital ability to compromise.

Judge Quinn joined Ansell.Law’s Ocean office in early 2024 as counsel, where he will establish and lead the Firm’s mediation practice.

Click here to read the full article (subscription required).

Most Commercial Property-Owning Entities and HOAs Must Now Report Ownership Information to the Federal Government Under the Corporate Transparency Act

By Nicole D. Miller and Melanie J. Scroble

Most entities that own commercial property, as well as homeowner and condominium associations (“Community Associations”), are among the over 36 million other American businesses and organizations that must now provide the federal government with detailed information about their ownership and controlling interests. 

That is because the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), which became effective on January 1, 2024, mandates that all “Reporting Companies” covered by the law disclose “Beneficial Ownership Information” (BOI) to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) division of the U.S. Treasury Department.

With an effective date of January 1, 2024, and with mandatory reporting deadlines approaching, commercial property owners and Community Associations need to understand what obligations, if any, they have under the CTA, whether they are a covered “Reporting Company,” and what information they need to provide FinCEN by the applicable deadline.

What Is the Corporate Transparency Act?

Signed into law in 2021, the CTA is part of an expansive federal government effort to crack down on illegal money laundering and “the use of shell and front companies by illicit actors who use them to obfuscate their identities and launder ill-gotten gains through the United States.” Unlike most federal regulatory schemes that primarily apply to larger companies, the CTA targets “smaller, more lightly regulated entities,” according to FinCEN. This focus on small entities is one reason FinCEN estimated that 90% of businesses and organizations in the U.S. are subject to the CTA’s disclosure requirements. 

Almost All Property Owning-Entities and HOAs Are Covered “Reporting Companies”

Subject to significant exceptions, as discussed below, a “Reporting Company” that must comply with the CTA is any corporation, limited liability company, or any other entity created by filing a document (e.g., Articles of Incorporation) with a secretary of state or equivalent agency. Entities like general partnerships or sole proprietorships that can be established without such filings are not subject to the CTA’s disclosure and reporting requirements.

Accordingly, individuals and general partnerships that own commercial property have no obligations under the act. But, unless they fall within one of the listed exceptions, all other property-owning entities will need to provide their BOI to FinCEN.

Most Community Associations are “Reporting Companies” under the act since they are usually organized by filing articles of incorporation with a secretary of state. Their tax-exempt status under Section 528 of the Internal Revenue Code does not spare Community Associations from their reporting obligations. While the CTA specifically exempts 501(c) non-profit organizations from reporting requirements, it does not exempt Section 528 organizations.

Entities Excluded From the CTA’s Reporting Requirements

Most entities excluded from the CTA’s reporting requirements are already subject to beneficial ownership reporting and disclosure obligations under other laws, so filing such disclosures under the CTA would be redundant. 

As stated in Section(a)(11)(B) of the CTA, these entities do not have to comply with the CTA’s BOI reporting requirements:

  • Banks.
  • Bank holding companies.
  • Credit unions.
  • Insurance companies.
  • Issuers of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or that must file supplementary and periodic information under Section 15(d) of the 1934 Act.
  • Brokers, dealers, and any other entities registered with the SEC under the 1934 Act.
  • Registered investment advisors under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
  • Public accounting firms.
  • Companies employing more than 20 people full-time in the U.S. or that filed a federal income tax return in the prior year showing more than $5 million in gross sales or receipts and have an operating presence in the U.S.
  • Any entity that:
    • Has existed for over one year.
    • Has not sent or received funds over $1,000 or experienced an ownership change in the previous 12 months.
    • Is not actively engaged in business.
    • Is not owned by a foreign individual.

and

  • Does not otherwise hold any assets, including ownership interests, in any corporation, limited liability company, or other entity.

Disclosures Required About “Company Applicants” and “Beneficial Owners”

In addition to basic corporate information such as name, address, and tax ID number, Reporting Companies must provide FinCEN with BOI about two groups of individuals: “Company Applicants” and “Beneficial Owners.” 

As defined in the Final Rule, a “company applicant” is “the individual who directly files the document that first creates the domestic reporting company” and “the individual who is primarily responsible for directing or controlling such filing if more than one individual is involved in the filing of the document.” Effectively, the person who filed the documents required to create the entity will be considered the “Company Applicant,” whose BOI must be reported. 

Notably, the reporting of applicant information only applies to Reporting Companies created from and after January 1, 2024. Such new Reporting Companies need not provide FinCEN with updates regarding Company Applicant information after their initial disclosure.

“Beneficial Owner” = 25% Ownership OR “Substantial Control” Over Entity

All Reporting Companies must disclose information about their “Beneficial Owners.” As defined in the Final Rule, a “Beneficial Owner” is any person who, directly or indirectly, either:

  • Owns or controls at least 25% of a reporting company’s ownership interests; or
  • Exercises substantial control over a reporting company.

Importantly, ownership interests through intermediary entities qualify as ownership of a Reporting Company. As specified in the Final Rule, a person may be deemed a beneficial owner “through ownership or control of one or more intermediary entities, or ownership or control of the ownership interests of any such entities, that separately or collectively own or control ownership interests of the reporting company.”

“Substantial Control”

Determining whether a person exercises “substantial control” over an entity so they are considered a “Beneficial Owner” involves an analysis of the person’s actual authority and the actions they are empowered to take on behalf of an entity. Under the Final Rule, an individual has “Substantial Control” over an entity if they: 

  • Serve as a senior officer of the entity.
  • Have authority over the appointment or removal of any senior officer or a majority of the board of directors (or similar body) of the entity or
  • Direct, determine, or have substantial influence over important decisions made by the entity, such as:
    • Entry into and termination of contracts.
    • Acquisition, sale, or lease of the company’s principal assets.
    • Reorganization, dissolution, or merger.
    • Selection or termination of business lines or venture.
    • Amendment of any governance documents of the reporting company.

For Community Associations, this means that the voluntary members of the board of directors or board of trustees will be considered individuals with “substantial control” over the covered entity, i.e. the association.

Information That Must Be Reported to FinCEN

Non-exempt Reporting Companies must provide FinCEN with the following information regarding individuals who qualify as Company Applicants or Beneficial Owners:

  • Full legal name.
  • Date of birth.
  • Street addresses (identified as a current residential or business street address).
  • Non-expired state identification document or passport.

Reporting Deadlines

As noted, the CTA’s compliance deadlines largely depend on when the “Reporting Company” was formed. 

  • Entities Formed in Calendar Year 2024: Covered Reporting Companies created or registered on or after January 1, 2024, and before January 1, 2025, must submit their BOI report within 90 days after the date of the entity’s formation (i.e., the filing date of its Articles or Certificate).
  • Entities Formed Before January 1, 2024: Covered Reporting Companies formed before 2024 must report their BOI on or before January 1, 2025.
  • Entities Formed on or After January 1, 2025: Covered Reporting Companies formed after 2024 must file their BOI within 30 days after its date of formation.

Penalties for Non-Compliance 

Commercial property owners and Community Associations that fail to comply with the CTA’s reporting requirements face significant penalties. Any entity or person that “willfully provides, or attempts to provide, false or fraudulent information or willfully fails to report when required” faces civil penalties of $500 per day, criminal fines of up to $250,000, and a maximum of five years in federal prison.

Given the complexities in determining an entity’s beneficial ownership and non-compliance consequences, property-owning entities and Community Associations should consult with experienced counsel to ensure they satisfy any reporting obligations under the CTA. For further information and assistance with your entity’s CTA compliance, please contact one of the attorneys in Ansell Grimm & Aaron’s Commercial Real Estate or Community Association practice groups.

New Jersey CRC Adopts Consumption Lounge Regulations

By Anthony Sango

On January 17, 2024, New Jersey’s Cannabis Regulatory Commission (CRC) adopted new regulations allowing cannabis consumption areas, commonly called consumption lounges. The regulations present a unique opportunity only seen in a few other legal states, including California and Colorado, the flagship states of cannabis legalization.

The new regulations allow the CRC to issue consumption lounge endorsements to both medical and recreational dispensary licensees and cannabis retailers, who may then host consumers in a casual setting to try their goods. The lounges can be either indoor and structurally enclosed or in an exterior structure. The CRC provides numerous requirements for indoor lounges, such as physically separating the lounge from the dispensary. For outdoor lounges, other CRC requirements apply, such as blocking the view from nearby sidewalks. Additional requirements apply to both indoor and outdoor lounges, but most importantly, the consumption lounge must be on the same premises as the dispensary that holds the license. 

Other restrictions apply to consumption lounge endorsements, including their inability to serve food. The CRC did not explain why food sales are excluded at lounges, especially since cannabis enthusiasts are historically known for their appetites. Similarly, consumption lounges will not be permitted to serve alcohol – even if the licensee holds a separate liquor license. Interestingly, though, the new regulations also allow hotels, motels, and other lodging facilities to permit cannabis consumption in smoker guest rooms.

Much like cannabis licenses, the CRC gives local governments a great deal of authority to adopt ordinances or regulations that restrict or outright ban consumption lounges. However, the ordinances cannot conflict with the CREAMM Act. We can expect the same or greater setbacks and minimum distance requirements from consumption lounges and sensitive places, like schools, daycare centers, playgrounds, and houses of worship.

Local governments also have an opportunity to review consumption lounge applicants – even if the town or city allows consumption lounges. After a consumption lounge application is submitted to the CRC, the town or city determines whether the application complies with local ordinances and regulations. Then, the town or city can notify the CRC of its position. If the local government does not take a favorable position and denies the request for an endorsement, the applicant can demand a hearing and plead their case.

Our Controlled Substances and Regulatory Practice attorneys understand the complex laws related to the production, sale, use, regulation, and legalization of controlled substances, including hemp, cannabis, and psychedelics. A multifaceted area of the law with conflicting regulations from different governing bodies, we help our clients navigate all aspects of this emerging field. Contact us if you have questions about this evolving area of law.

The Honorable Joseph Quinn Joins Ansell.Law

Ansell.Law is pleased to announce that recently Retired New Jersey Superior Court Judge Joseph P. Quinn, J.S.C., has joined the Ocean office as counsel. Judge Quinn will establish and lead the Firm’s mediation practice.

“Judge Quinn has had a distinguished career on the bench, and we are thrilled to have him join the Firm,” said President and Managing Shareholder Michael V. Benedetto. “At Ansell.Law, while we are always ready for trial, we believe alternate dispute resolution is often in litigants’ best interest. With his vast experience helping litigants resolve matters amicably, we can think of no one better than Judge Quinn to lead the Firm’s efforts in providing mediation services to our colleagues and peers, and their clients. We are equally excited that Judge Quinn has decided to share his tremendous legal knowledge with us and help mentor emerging Firm leaders.”

Judge Quinn served for 23 years as a New Jersey Superior Court Judge. He has served in the Civil, Chancery, and Family Divisions. Judge Quinn presided over and resolved a vast array of cases, including complex business disputes, partnership dissolutions, restrictive covenants, foreclosures, will contests, disputed estate issues, personal injuries, automobile accidents, medical negligence, insurance issues, contract claims, land use matters, and employment disputes. He served for 16 years in the Civil Division, including five years as the Civil Presiding Judge. 

Judge Quinn retired in October 2023 as Presiding Judge of the Monmouth County Chancery Division, where he was responsible for all general equity and all contested probate cases.  

With his extensive experience, Judge Quinn provides a valuable resource to parties seeking a final and efficient resolution of their disputes.

We Congratulate Our Client for Securing Its Latest New Jersey Cannabis License

Ansell.Law is delighted to congratulate its client, Mule Extracts LLC, on securing a cannabis license from the New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory Commission. Previously awarded a Conditional Class Two Manufacturer License, Mule Extracts recently obtained its Class Two Annual Manufacturer License, allowing it to operate in New Jersey. A highly nuanced and multi-step process, we guided Mule Extracts in obtaining both its early licenses and submitting the Conversion Application.

Our Controlled Substances and Regulatory Practice attorneys understand the complex laws related to the production, sale, use, regulation, and legalization of controlled substances, including hemp, cannabis, and psychedelics. A multifaceted area of the law with conflicting regulations from different governing bodies, we help our clients navigate all aspects of this emerging field. Contact Kelsey Barber if you have questions about this evolving area of law.

The Cost of Victory: What Business Owners Should Consider Before Filing a Lawsuit in a Commercial Dispute

By Seth M. Rosenstein

A wise person once said, “Litigation is the basic legal right which guarantees every corporation its decade in court.”  While likely said facetiously, the fact is that business litigation often comes at great expense to the company and individuals involved.

The costs of vindicating and protecting a company’s rights – in time, money, disruption, reputation, and commercial relationships – along with the inherent risk and uncertainty involved in all litigation, can lead even a victorious plaintiff to ask whether their victory was worth the destruction it wrought. 

Undoubtedly, there are situations where litigation is a company’s best or only path forward in a commercial dispute, whether it is with a customer, competitor, or business partner. Sometimes, a lawsuit is the last resort after other attempts to reach a resolution have failed or the only way to bring the other side to the negotiating table. Other times, quick intervention by a judge is necessary to prevent irreparable harm to the business. In those situations, your company will want and need an experienced and strategic litigator who stands ready to vigorously pursue your claims.

But even after the dogs of litigation have been unleashed, most commercial lawsuits settle or are otherwise resolved before trial for many of the same reasons cited above – the expense, disruption, and risk involved in entrusting the outcome to a judge or jury. 

That is why, regardless of the perceived strength and merit of their claims, business owners should think carefully and consider the possible negative implications of litigation before telling their attorney to run to the courthouse and file a lawsuit. Here are three things to factor into your decision-making before pursuing business litigation: 

Even the Most Straightforward Lawsuit Can Take Your Business Down a Long and Winding (and Expensive) Road

Lawyers are sometimes accused of making simple matters needlessly complicated. But for attorneys representing defendants in business litigation, making things complicated is often a feature, not a bug. Part of the defense’s strategy, especially when faced with a strong or straightforward claim, can include using any means to make litigation as drawn-out, convoluted, costly, and painful as possible for the plaintiffs.

Unfortunately, the wheels of justice are extremely amenable to a commercial defendant who wants to slow a plaintiff’s roll. The system isn’t designed for speed to begin with, and even if your attorney does everything in their power to speed your case along, there are plenty of ways a defendant can stretch your simple case out for years.  

They may file multiple motions regarding various issues, most of which will require the submission of briefs and the time needed to prepare them. A lengthy briefing schedule could be followed by a hearing or ruling even further into the future, all delaying the suit’s progress until the motions are resolved. 

Discovery, the process of requesting and exchanging documents, gathering evidence, and taking witness depositions, also offers ample opportunity for delay and added costs. It can take a while and cost lots of money to produce a voluminous amount of material in response to a party’s request. Depositions may be held in distant locations and involve significant travel costs (including fees for the attorney’s travel time) and complicated scheduling conflicts. You may also need to retain paid experts to testify or prepare reports. 

But it is more than fees, expenses, and delays that can make discovery costly for a business plaintiff. Owners, executives, and employees who would otherwise be doing their jobs may need to divert their time, effort, and productivity toward handling document requests or preparing and sitting for their depositions. These disruptions should be factored into your litigation calculations as well. 

Of course, the end of your case may not be the end of your case if one side appeals the judgment, which can keep the attorney’s fees meter and litigation clock running and even lead to another trial.

There Are No “Slam Dunks” in Business Litigation

Just as there is no crying in baseball, there are no slam dunks in business litigation. When you put your fate in the hands of a judge or 12 random people sitting on a jury, there is no guarantee they will see your case the way you and your lawyer do. There is always – always – a risk of an adverse ruling, no matter how strong your case appears to be.

Not only may your company lose on its claims (while still being on the hook for attorney’s fees and costs), but it may be exposed to liability and a judgment if the defendant files and prevails on a counterclaim. And if a contract or statute provides that the losing side in litigation must pay the winning side’s attorney’s fees and costs, the monetary hole can be even deeper.

A Judgment Is Not a Check

For all the risk of losing that is inherent in litigation, there is an equally inherent likelihood your company will prevail on its claims and obtain a substantial monetary judgment against the defendant. But no matter how many zeros that judgment contains, it could ultimately be worth far less – or nothing at all. 

First, subtract all the amounts your business paid its lawyers from your judgment. That could shave tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars off that top-line figure. And those fees may keep coming if your attorneys have to spend time and effort trying to collect the amounts due from the defendant. Judgment debtors can engage in plenty of moves and tricks to hide assets and make collection efforts as difficult as possible. 

Of course, nothing makes collecting on a judgment more challenging than an insolvent judgment debtor. If the defendant is actually broke, even the most talented litigator cannot get blood from a stone. 

Again, as noted, sometimes litigation is the right or only way to resolve a business dispute despite the risks and costs it may involve. But before shooting first, you should ask your lawyer questions about the best path forward for your company, which may include pre-litigation demands, negotiations and non-binding mediation.

If you are involved in or anticipate a business dispute, please contact Ansell Grimm & Aaron Litigation Partner Seth M. Rosenstein

Recent Success Stories

Jennifer Krimko Secures Planning Board Approval of Client’s Plan for Monmouth Mall Redevelopment

On December 4, 2023, the Eatontown Planning Board granted preliminary and final site plan approval to Krimko’s client, Eatontown Monmouth Mall, LLC (Kushner Companies), paving the way for the redevelopment of the existing 1.5 million square foot Monmouth Mall in Eatontown. The proposed development, to be known as Monmouth Square, will consist of approximately one million square feet of commercial space along with 1,000 luxury apartments with a clubhouse and amenities for the residents, public open space, and related site improvements. Monmouth Square will be a pedestrian-friendly, true town center environment where people can live, dine, and shop all on one property.  

Jason Klein Closes Financing and Acquisition of Over 75 Global Quick Service Restaurant Stores

In December, Ansell Grimm & Aaron’s Jason Klein consummated two major asset transactions on behalf of two separate purchasers of over 75 quick-serve restaurants. The purchasers are franchisees of a global quick-service restaurant behemoth.

 In one transaction involving the acquisition of over 50 stores and three separate parcels of real estate, Klein spearheaded the negotiation of the purchase and sale agreements for both the assets and real property, the acquisition of the assets and the properties, and the loan transactions. In the other transaction, Klein’s efforts and direction resulted in his client’s successful acquisition of over 20 stores and the acquisition of one parcel of real property.

New Jersey Enacts Stringent New Inspection, Evaluation, and Maintenance Requirements for Condominium and Co-Op Buildings

By Elysa D. Bergenfeld and Nicole D. Miller

On January 8, 2024, New Jersey’s already-stringent building codes for residential construction became even more so when Gov. Phil Murphy signed S2760/A4384 into law. The sweeping legislation establishes additional requirements for the regular inspection, evaluation, and maintenance of certain types of condominiums and cooperative apartments in the state.

The new law was enacted in the wake of the 2021 condominium tragedy in Surfside, Florida, where 98 lives were lost due to structural issues that were not addressed. Accordingly, much of the law focuses on early detection of potential structural flaws and deficiencies.

Owners of property covered by the law must now ensure their buildings undergo routine structural inspections to ensure the safety and stability of the building. These inspections must be performed by licensed engineers and architects and adhere to industry best practices and standards. The law requires periodic reserve studies and allows for a ten-year “catch up” for reserves.

As outlined in the law, its requirements apply to any residential condominium or cooperative building with a primary load-bearing system comprised of a concrete, masonry, steel, or hybrid structure including, but not limited to, heavy timber and a building with podium decks, but not including an “excluded structure” as defined in the law.

All condo and co-op boards in New Jersey should consult with experienced community association counsel to determine whether the new law applies to their buildings and what to do to ensure compliance. If you have questions or concerns, please contact one of the attorneys in Ansell Grimm & Aaron’s Community Association Law practice group.